... otherwise¹

Bernal [1991] gives a detailed account of this fabrication of Eurocentrism.

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...²

For a comprehensive discussion of the mathematics found in the Babylonian tablets see Ifrah [2000].

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... system³

Notation:- $0.\bar{24}~ \bar{5}~(\mbox{mod } 60)$ denotes the number $(24/60) + (5/3600)~ (\mbox{mod } 10)$, while $0.\bar{2}~ \bar{45}~(\mbox{mod } 60)$denotes $(2/60) + (45/3600)~ (mod 10)$. In the next section we discuss how the Babylonians used $0$ as a place marker.

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... steps⁴

The Babylonians were not afraid of taking squares as has been attested by the fact that many tablets have been discovered of squares. In fact their multiplication was based on the formula $xy = \frac{(x+y)^2 - (x-y)^2}{4}$.

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... square⁵

Note that Ifrah [2000] makes a mistake in obtaining these relations.

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... number⁶

Note that if someone says that she spent sarhe teen (Hindi) to buy a car, then we'd immediately realise that she spent Rs. 3.5 lakhs for the car, on the other hand, if she spent sarhe teen for buying samosas then she bought only Rs 3.50 worth of samosas.

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... influence''⁷

This argument being rather technical we do not reproduce it here.

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... allowed⁸

Many suggest that this could be because of the rejection by Indian mathematicians of this period of the Greek method of proof, which nowadays every school child knows as reductio ad absurdum. Indeed, assuming Bhaskara's use of division by zero to be correct we obtain that $m/0 = \infty = n/0$; hence $m = 0.\infty = n$ and so $m=n$ - a contradiction.

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... integer⁹

In a sense, when L'Hôpital looks at $y/x$ with $x\to 0$ he is visiting this old conundrum

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